21 Nov Qualification Methods
Qualification is the process used to proof that a product meets the requirements of a particular standard (e.g. BSEN, ASME, etc). This can be achieved through physical testing, analysis or similarity.
Physical Testing:
In a physical test, the required loads are applied to the product in its final form (e.g. pressure or load tests). Physical tests provide direct proof of performance, but the disadvantage is that it requires the item to be fully designed and manufactured before any test can be carried out. Further, if the product does fail, it is often difficult to identify where improvements should be made, and if it does not fail, it is not possible to determine the Factor of Safety [https://fea-solutions.co.uk/factor-of-safety/] Physical tests are often used for the final validation, after an optimisation done with the help of analysis.
Analysis:
Using analysis, the product can be assessed without the need to manufacture it before. Analysis can be done via hand calculations [https://fea-solutions.co.uk/handcalc-vs-fea/] or through FEA [https://www.fea-solutions.co.uk/what-is-fea/]. Further optimisation can then be carried out (e.g. to reduce weight and costs) which can only be done at great expense when using physical tests. Using FEA is also often much cheaper than manufacturing a prototype for a physical test and reveals more insight into the capabilities of the product. However, accuracy depends on assumptions and input data, meaning it is vital experienced FEA engineers conduct the analysis.
Similarity:
Using similarity means that there is a similar product, which has either had physical tests or analysis performed previously to meet the standard. The already tested item must not only have a similar geometry, but also undergo similar loads. Examples include products which are simply scaled in size.
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